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IELTS Reading Practice Test

Is there a psychologist in the building

Is there a psychologist in the building?

CHRISTIAN JARRETT reports on psychology’s place in new architectural development.

A
A. The space around us affects us profoundly – rebuilding of one south London school as a striking emotionally, behaviourally, cognitively. In Britain that example of how building design can affect human space is changing at a pace not seen for a generation. Surely psychology has something to say about all ranked as the worst school in the area – now it is this change. But is anyone listening? ‘There is a huge amount of psychology research that is relevant, but at the moment we’re talking to ourselves,’ says Chris Spencer, professor of environmental psychology at the University of Sheffield. Spencer recalls a recent talk he gave in which he called on fellow researchers to make a greater effort to communicate their findings to architects and planners. ‘I was amazed at the response of many of the senior researchers, who would say: “I’m doing my research for pure science, the industry can take it or leave it”. But there are models of how to apply environmental psychology to real problems, if you know where to look. Professor Frances Kuo is an example.
B
B. Kuo’s website provides pictures and plain English conducted by her Human stands as a one-off experiment. ” Among these is a study using police records that found inner-city surrounded by more vegetation suffered 52 per cent fewer crimes than apartment blocks with little or no greenery. Frances Kuo and her co-researcher William Sullivan believe that greenery reduces crime – so long as visibility is preserved – because it reduces aggression, brings local residents together outdoors, and the conspicuous presence of people deters criminals.
C
C.  ‘Environmental psychologists are increasingly in demand,’ says David Uzzell, professor of environmental psychology. ‘We’re asked to contribute to the planning, design and management of many different environments, ranging from neighbourhoods, offices, schools, health, transport, traffic and leisure environments for the purpose of improving quality of life and creating a better people-environment fit.’ Uzzell points to the rebuilding of one south London school as a striking example of how building design can affect human behaviour positively. Before its redesign, it was ranked as the worst school in the area – now it is recognised as one of the country’s twenty most improved schools.
D
D. Uzzell has been involved in a pioneering project between MSc students in England and Scotland. Architecture students in Scotland acted as designers while environmental psychology students in England acted as consultants, as together they worked on a community project in a run-down area of Glasgow. The psychology students encouraged the architecture students to think about who their client group was, to consider issues of crowding and social cohesion, and they introduced them to psychological methodologies, for example observation and interviewing local residents about their needs.’ The collaborative project currently stands as a one-off experiment. ‘Hopefully these trainee architects will now go away with some understanding of the psychological issues involved in design and will take into account people’s needs,’ says Uzzell.
E
E. Hilary Barker, a recent graduate in psychology, now works for a design consultancy. She’s part of a four- person research team that contributes to the overall work of the company in helping clients use their office space more productively. Her team all have backgrounds in psychology or social science, but the rest of the firm consists mainly of architects and interior designers. ‘What I do is pretty rare to be honest,’ Barker says. ‘I feel very privileged to be able to use my degree in such a way.’ Barker explains that the team carries out observational studies on behalf of companies, to identify exactly how occupants are using their building. The companies are often surprised by the findings, for example that staff use meeting rooms for quiet, individual work.
F
F. One area where the findings from environment- behaviour research have certainly influenced building is in hospital design. The government has a checklist of criteria that must be met in the design of new hospitals, and these are derived largely from the work of the behavioural scientist Professor Roger Ulrich,’ Chris Spencer says. Ulrich’s work has shown, for example, how the view from a patient’s window can affect their recovery. Even a hospital’s layout can impact on people’s health, according to Dr John Zeisel. ‘If people get lost in hospitals, they get stressed, which lowers their immune system and means their medication works less well. You might think that way-finding round the hospital is the responsibility of the person who puts all the signs up, but the truth is that the basic layout of a building is what helps people find their way around,’ he says.
G
G. Zeisel also points to the need for a better balance between private and shared rooms in hospitals. ‘Falls are reduced and fewer medication errors occur’ in private rooms, he says. There’s also research showing how Important it is that patients have access to the outdoors and that gardens in hospitals are a major contributor to well-being. However, more generally, Zeisel shares Chris Spencer’s concerns that the lessons from environmental psychology research are not getting through. ’There is certainly a gap between what we in social science know and the world of designers and architects,’ says Zeisel. He believes that most industries, from sports to film- making, have now recognised the importance of an evidence-based approach, and that the building trade needs to formulate itself more in that vein, and to recognise that there is relevant research out there. ‘It would be outrageous, silly, to go ahead with huge building projects without learning the lessons from the new towns established between 30 and 40 years ago,’ he warns.

Paragraph A

VII

Academics with an unhelpful attitude

Paragraph B

 A comparison between similar buildings

Paragraph C

The expanding scope of environmental psychology

Paragraph D

A unique co-operative scheme

Paragraph E

III

An unusual job for a psychologist

Paragraph F

 A type of building benefiting from prescribed guidelines

Paragraph G

A failure to use available information in practical ways

Paragraph A

VII

Academics with an unhelpful attitude

ĐÁP ÁN & GIẢI THÍCH CÂU 1

Locate

Simplify & Connection

1.  The space around us﻿   affects us profoundly﻿   
2.  In Britain﻿   that space﻿   is changing at a pace not seen for a generation﻿ ﻿
3.  psychology﻿   has something to say about all this change﻿ . 
4.  But    is anyone listening?  ﻿
5.  There﻿   is a huge amount of psychology research that is relevant﻿ ,  but﻿   at the moment﻿   we﻿   are talking to ourselves﻿ ﻿
6.  Spencer﻿   recalls a recent talk﻿   in which he called on fellow researchers to make a greater effort to communicate their findings to architects and planners.﻿ ﻿
7.  ‘I﻿   was amazed at the response of many of the senior researchers﻿ ,  who would say﻿   I﻿   am doing my research for pure science﻿ ,  the industry﻿   can take it or leave it﻿ ”. 
8.  But﻿   there﻿   are models of how to apply environmental psychology to real problems﻿ ,  if﻿   you﻿   know where to look﻿ . 
9.  Professor Frances Kuo﻿   is an example﻿ .
Câu  1   +  2   The space around us is changing
Câu  3   +  4   +  5   psychology research về sự thay đổi này nhưng bị ignore
Câu  6   +  7   fellow researchers ko muốn apply
Câu  8  +  9    Từ “example" thể hiện rõ mối quan hệ giữa câu 9 và câu 8: Câu 9 đưa ra ví dụ cho việc “apply environmental psychology to real problems" 

Giải thích chi tiết

Skimming/ scanning ﻿

Với câu này, nếu chỉ skim/scan thì thí sinh sẽ không bao giờ tới được đáp án đúng vì heading đúng không chứa keywords xuất hiện trong bài đọc.
Nếu chỉ skim/scan từ khoá giống nhau giữa đoạn văn và list of headings, thí sinh rất dễ chọn những heading như:
-> vi. A failure to use available information in practical ways
Thí sinh dễ chọn heading này khi đọc câu áp cuối có thông tin “apply psychology to real problems" -> suy diễn ra là dùng kiến thức, thông tin để giải quyết vấn đề thực tế => khá giống với thông tin trong heading. Tuy nhiên, đây không phải là đáp án đúng vì trong bài nói rõ researcher không muốn ứng dụng vào thực tế chứ không phải họ ứng dụng nhưng thất bại (failure). 
-> x. The expanding scope of environmental psychology
Một vài thí sinh hay chọn nhầm câu này vì thấy cụm “environmental psychology" trong câu áp cuối. Tuy nhiên trong bài chẳng hề nói gì về “expanding scope" (cách sử dụng được mở rộng) của environmental psychology cả. 

Áp dụng DOL’s Linearthinking ﻿﻿
🥰Simplify + Read connection
1.  The space around us   affects us profoundly   
2.  In Britain    that space     is changing at a pace not seen for a generation  
3.  psychology   has something to say about all this change . 
4.  But    is anyone listening?   
5.  There   is a huge amount of psychology research that is relevant ,  but   at the moment   we   are talking to ourselves   
6.  Spencer   recalls a recent talk    in which he called on fellow researchers to make a greater effort to communicate their findings to architects and planners.  
7.  ‘I   was amazed at the response of many of the senior researchers ,  who would say   I   am doing my research for pure science ,  the industry   can take it or leave it ”. 
8.  But   there   are models of how to apply environmental psychology to real problems ,  if   you   know where to look . 
9.  Professor Frances Kuo   is an example .
😎 Hiểu ý chính
=> (1) - (2) The space around us is changing and it affects us. ﻿
=> (3) (4) (5) psychology research talk about this change but no one is listening to researchers﻿
=> (6) (7) Researchers make effort but don't care whether the industry want to apply their findings﻿
=> (8) (9) there are other ways to apply knowledge in real problems ﻿
=> Main idea: Researchers know about our changing space but they won't care the application of their knowledge in real problems  ﻿
😍 So sánh với danh sách tiêu đề:
vii. Academics with an unhelpful attitude (people with research knowledge ignore the others)
So sánh thông tin: academics = researchers and unhelpful attitude = won't apply knowledge in real problems 
=> Đáp án: vii ﻿﻿

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