Đáp Án Và Giải Thích What’s The Purpose Of Gaining Knowledge? | IELTS Reading Practice @ dol.vn - Học Tiếng Anh Tư Duy - Nội dung Free

IELTS Reading Practice Test

What’s the purpose of gaining knowledge?

A
A. ‘I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any subject' That was the founders motto for Cornell University, and it seems an apt characterization of the different university, also in the USA, where I currently teach philosophy. A student can prepare for a career in resort management, engineering, interior design, accounting, music, law enforcement, you name it. But what would the founders of these two institutions have thought of a course called Arson for Profit’? I kid you not: we have it on the books. Any undergraduates who have met the academic requirements can sign up for the course in our program in 'fire science’.
B
B. Naturally, the course is intended for prospective arson investigators, who can learn all the tricks of the trade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set, discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a court of law. But wouldn’t this also be the perfect course for prospective arsonists to sign up for? My point is not to criticize academic programs in fire science: they are highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other occupations. However, it’s not unknown for a firefighter to torch a building. This example suggests how dishonest and illegal behavior, with the help of higher education, can creep into every aspect of public and business life. 
C
C. I realized this anew when I was invited to speak before a class in marketing, which is another of our degree programs. The regular instructor is a colleague who appreciates the kind of ethical perspective I can bring as a philosopher. There are endless ways I could have approached this assignment, but I took my cue from the title of the course: 'Principles of Marketing’. It made me think to ask the students, 'Is marketing principled?’ After all, a subject matter can have principles in the sense of being codified, having rules, as with football or chess, without being principled in the sense of being ethical. Many of the students immediately assumed that the answer to my question about marketing principles was obvious: no. Just look at the ways in which everything under the sun has been marketed; obviously it need not be done in a principled (=ethical) fashion.
D
D. Is that obvious? I made the suggestion, which may sound downright crazy in light of the evidence, that perhaps marketing is by definition principled. My inspiration for this judgement is the philosopher Immanuel Kant, who argued that any body of knowledge consists of an end (or purpose) and a means.
E
E. Let us apply both the terms 'means' and ‘end' to marketing. The students have signed up for a course in order to learn how to market effectively. But to what end? There seem to be two main attitudes toward that question. One is that the answer is obvious: the purpose of marketing is to sell things and to make money. The other attitude is that the purpose of marketing is irrelevant: Each person comes to the program and course with his or her own plans, and these need not even concern the acquisition of marketing expertise as such. My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant's, is that neither of these attitudes captures the significance of the end to the means for marketing. A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end; hence both deserve scrutiny. Students need to study both how to achieve X, and also what X is. 

F
F. It is at this point that ‘Arson for Profit’ becomes supremely relevant. That course is presumably all about means: how to detect and prosecute criminal activity. It is therefore assumed that the end is good in an ethical sense. When I ask fire science students to articulate the end, or purpose, of their field, they eventually generalize to something like, ‘The safety and welfare of society,’ which seems right. As we have seen, someone could use the very same knowledge of means to achieve a much less noble end, such as personal profit via destructive, dangerous, reckless activity. But we would not call that firefighting. We have a separate word for it: arson. Similarly, if you employed the ‘principles of marketing’ in an unprincipled way, you would not be doing marketing. We have another term for it: fraud. Kant gives the example of a doctor and a poisoner, who use the identical knowledge to achieve their divergent ends. We would say that one is practicing medicine, the other, murder.

Paragraph A

A surprising course title

Paragraph B

VIII

The possibility of attracting the wrong kind of student

Paragraph C

A course title with two meanings 

Paragraph D

Applying a theory in an unexpected context

Paragraph E

III

The equal importance of two key issues

Paragraph F

VII

Different names for different outcomes

Paragraph A

A surprising course title

ĐÁP ÁN & GIẢI THÍCH CÂU 1

Locate

Simplify & Connection

1.  ‘I   would found﻿    an institution   where any person can find instruction in any subject'  
2. ﻿  That      was the motto for Cornell University,    and    of the university    where I currently teach  ﻿ 
3.  A student    can prepare for a career in + (list of courses) ﻿
4.   But    what would the founders of these two institutions have thought of a course     called Arson for Profit’?   
5.  I    kid you not    we have it on the books  
6.  Any undergraduates   can sign up for the course    
Câu  1   +  2   Giới thiệu về 1 phương châm của 2 trường ĐH
Câu  3   Liệt kê các môn học ở 2 trường
Câu  4   khóa học mới mà 2 trường ko biết -> khẳng định có khóa học này ở Câu  5   và ai cũng có thể học ở câu  6  ﻿

Giải thích chi tiết

Key takeaway:
Nên làm các dạng Matching Headings, Matching Information và Multiple Choice Questions sau cùng vì các dạng này thường yêu cầu bạn nắm được ý chính của toàn bài đọc. Do đó, tốt nhất nên giải quyết chúng sau khi bạn đã hiểu sơ lược nội dung chính từ các câu hỏi khác.
﻿﻿ Let's apply DOL’s Linearthinking – simplify & read connections to find the main idea of this paragraph. Ở đây DOL đã simplify và rút main idea (bằng tiếng Anh trước, rồi sau đó dịch sang tiếng Việt) các câu sẵn cho các bạn nhé.    
Read connections:
﻿ 1  An institution that any person can find instruction in any subject.
﻿ 2  The motto for Cornell University, and of the university where I currently teach => Main idea: Giới thiệu khẩu hiệu của Cornell và trường tác giả đang dạy﻿- tất cả mọi môn học.﻿
﻿ 3  Example of the careers that students can pursue when in these universities => Câu ví dụ thêm cho ý 1 và 2 => có thể bỏ qua.
  4  However, there is a course called Arson for Profit that these universities do not know 
=> Main idea: Trường đại học này không có khóa học tên “Arson for Profit” → câu mang tính đối lập với các câu trước. => Phải nhớ.
  5  I kid you not we have it on the books => Main idea: Nhấn mạnh rằng khóa học này thật sự tồn tại => giống  4 .   
  6  Any undergraduates can sign up for the course => Main idea: Thông tin chi tiết về khóa học => giống  4 .   
=> Main idea of the paragraph: Khóa học “Arson for Profit” là một khóa học mà trường không có — nhưng nó thật sự tồn tại.﻿
Compare the meaning with the headings:
=> Chọn: VI – A surprising course title ﻿﻿

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