Tardigrades IELTS Listening Answers With Audio, Transcript And Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Listening Practice với Tardigrades được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Cambridge 19- Test 2 - Section 4 kèm Answer key, list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc và Free PDF & Audio Transcript Download với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking.

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👂️ Audio and questions

Tardigrades

Tardigrades
more than 1,000 species, 0.05 -1.2 millimetres long
also known as water 'bears' (due to how they 
1
﻿) and 'moss piglets'
Physical appearance
a 
2
﻿ round body and four pairs of legs
claws or 
3
﻿ for gripping
absence of respiratory organs
body filled with a liquid that carries both 
4
﻿  and blood
mouth shaped like a 
5
﻿ with teeth called stylets
Habitat
often found at the bottom of a lake or on plants
very resilient and can exist in very low or high 
6
﻿.
Cryptobiosis
In dry conditions, they roll into a ball called a 'tun'.
They stay alive with a much lower metabolism than usual.
A type of 
7
﻿ ensures their DNA is not damaged.
Research is underway to find out how many days they can stay alive in 
8
﻿.
Feeding
consume liquids, e.g., those found in moss or 
9
﻿﻿
may eat other tardigrades
Conservation status
They are not considered to be 
10
﻿﻿

❓ Transcript

Tardigrades

For my project on invertebrates, I chose to study tardigrades.

These are microscopic or to be more precise near microscopic animals.

There are well over a thousand known species of these tiny animals which belong to the phylum Tardigrada.

Most tardigrades range in length from 0.05 to 1mm, though the largest species can grow to be 1.2 mm in length.

They're also sometimes called water bears, water because that's where they thrive best, and bear because of the way they move.

Moss piglet is another name for tardigrades because of the way they look when viewed from the front.

They were first discovered in Germany, in 1773, by Johann Goetzer, who coined the name Tardigrade.

As I say, there are many different species of tardigrade.

Too many to describe here, but generally speaking, the different species share similar physical traits.

They have a body which is short, and also rounded, a bit like a barrel.

And the body comprises four segments.

Each segment has a pair of legs, at the end of which are between four and eight sharp claws.

I should also say that some species don't have any claws.

What they have are discs.

And these work by means of suction.

They enable the tardigrade to cling on to surfaces, or grip its prey.

Within the body, there are no lungs or any organs for breathing at all.

Instead, oxygen and also blood are transported in a fluid that fills the cavity of the body.

As far as the tardigrade's head is concerned, the best way I can describe this is that it looks rather strange, a bit squashed even, though many of the websites I looked at described its appearance as cute, which isn't exactly very scientific.

The tardigrade's mouth is a kind of tube that can open outwards to reveal teeth-like structures known as stylates.

These are sharp enough to pierce plant or animal cells.

So where are tardigrades found?

Well, they live in every part of the world.

In a variety of habitats, most commonly on the bed of a lake, or on many kinds of plants or in very wet environments.

There's been some interesting research which has found that tardigrades are capable of surviving radiation and very high pressure.

And they're also able to withstand temperatures as cold as minus 200 degrees centigrade, or highs of more than 148 degrees centigrade, which is incredibly hot.

It has been said that tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out, even in the event of an asteroid hitting the Earth.

If conditions become too extreme and tardigrades are at risk of drying out, they enter a state called cryptobiosis.

They curl into a ball called a tun, that's T-U-N, by retracting their head and legs, and their metabolism drops to less than 1% of normal levels.

They can remain like this until they're reintroduced to water when they will come back to life in a matter of a few hours.

While in a state of cryptobiosis, tardigrades produce a protein that protects their DNA.

In 2016, scientists revived two tardigrades that had been tons for more than 30 years.

There was a report that in 1948, a 120-year-old ton was revived.

But this experiment has never been repeated.

There are currently several tests taking place in space to determine how long tardigrades might be able to survive there.

I believe the record so far is 10 days.

So, moving on.

In terms of their diet, tardigrades consume liquids in order to survive.

Although they have teeth, they don't use these for chewing.

They suck the juices from moss or extract fluid from seaweed.

But some species prey on other tardigrades, from other species or within their own.

I suppose this isn't surprising given that tardigrades are mainly comprised of liquid and are coated with a type of gel.

Finally, I'd like to mention the conservation status of tardigrades.

It is estimated that they have been in existence for approximately half a billion years and, in that time, they have survived five mass extinctions.

So it will probably come as no surprise to you that tardigrades have not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are not on any endangered list.

Some researchers have described them as thriving.

Does anyone have any questions they'd like to ask?

🔥 Answer key (đáp án và giải thích)

move

Giải thích chi tiết

Hello Dolbie 🤩

Cùng chinh phục câu hỏi này nhé 😁
🎯 Xác định loại từ cần điền: động từ (mô tả cách tardigrades di chuyển)

▶️ Thông tin cần nghe ở: 'water’ because that’s where they thrive best, and ‘bear’ because of the way they move.

☺️ Cùng xem giải thích nhé: câu trong bài nghe giải thích rằng tardigrades có biệt danh là "water bears" vì cách chúng di chuyển. Động từ phù hợp mô tả sự di chuyển của tardigrades trong ngữ cảnh này là "move".

✅ Đáp án đúng: move

🧐 Dolbie lưu ý:

❌ walk 
→ Sai vì "walk" thường chỉ áp dụng cho sinh vật có chân đi lại, trong khi tardigrades bò hoặc trườn.

Chúc dolbie học tốt và tự tin hơn trong bài thi ielts nha 🥳💪

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